Figure 2. General aspect of fore reef habitats (left column) and representative 0.5-m2 photos of the bottom (right column) at Kingman (A–B), Palmyra (C–D), Tabuaeran (E–F), and Kiritimati (G–H), showing the degradation from a reef dominated by top predators and corals (Kingman) to a reef dominated by small planktivorous fishes and algae.